The holotype of Oxygyne duncanii was collected in 1992 already, from an area between Mount Cameroon and Mount Etinde in Cameroon. Since then it was denoted as Oxygyne sp. nov. until Cheek et al. (2018) described it. It is unique having two globose structures beneath each filament insertion into the perianth tube. It also differs from all other Oxygyne species by an erect appandage on the adaxial surface of each perianth lobe as well as the triangular stigmatic knob.
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