Corallorhiza trifida Châtelain 1760
Corallorhiza trifida was coined by Châtelain (1760). Before that, Linné (1753) proposed the name Ophrys corallorhiza which is the valid basionym for the species today. It is widely distributed on the northern temperate hemisphere (POWO 2021). The stem and parts of the flower are green and studies have confirmed that the low levels of chlorophyll contribute to the nutrition and therefore suggest a partial mycoheterotrophic lifestyle (Zimmer et al. 2008, Cameron et al. 2009, Barrett et al. 2014). As in other species of the genus there has been a lot of discussion about the validity of varieties and related species as well which name has to be accepted (Freudenstein 1997). The variations include colour variations but also morphological differences. There are many segregates known from northern Europe which are based on differences in the shape or the orientation of the perianth (Freudenstein 1997). C. verna for example was proposed by Nuttall (1823) for north american specimens. The name C. innata was proposed by Brown (1813) and is still occasionally used, as it was understood for some authors, to represent the european species (Freudenstein 1997). More information about the history and taxonomy should be looked up in Freudenstein (1997) or comparable pieces of work.